
2. Real-time detection, monitoring and analysis of threats and hazards
The ability to detect, monitor and analyze passive and active threats and hazards at scenes in real time

CAPABILITY GAP 2: “THE ABILITY TO DETECT, MONITOR, AND ANALYZE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE THREATS AND HAZARDS AT INCIDENT SCENES IN REAL TIME”
In order to improve first responder safety, efficiency and effectiveness, first responders need the ability to continuously detect, monitor and analyze passive and active threats and hazards at incident scenes in real time. The ability to detect, monitor and analyze threats and hazards, and understand real-time changes to these risks, may help to improve situational awareness and decision-making.
Addressing this gap includes a modular solution comprised of fixed and/or mobile platforms that carry sensor packages; software systems that integrate data, assess threats, and provide decision support; and a graphical user interface to display threat and hazard information.

TARGET OBJECTIVES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
The target objectives for this gap are:
- Detection and continuously monitoring of threats and hazards on the incident scene in real time
- Assessment of threat and hazard data to provide appropriate guidance and decision support to responders and commanders
- Visualization capability of threat locations and proximity to responders
Potential solutions should:
- Detect, assess, and monitor active threats on the incident scene to include: Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) agents, suspicious behavior, fastmoving objects approaching the responder, and shots fired on the incident scene
- Geolocate threats and hazards within a set perimeter around response personnel
- display threat and hazard data in a manner that is designed to minimize distraction and cognitive failure
- Generate an alert when active and passive threats and hazards are detected or evolve, based on agency-configured thresholds or parameters
- Transmit threat and hazard data to authorized personnel (e.g., emergency managers, commanders, responder, and dispatch personnel)
- Be designed to minimize equipment burdens for the responder, while maintaining interoperability of components
- Use a non-proprietary power source that provides sufficient power for an operational period
- Be easy to operate, calibrate, and maintain throughout the service life
- Integrate with existing data sets, model outputs, and emergency response software systems to remotely capture and monitor hazard-related data in multiple topographies (e.g., inside buildings, at varying depths and elevations, across different terrains)
- Operate within multiple environments (e.g., smoke, humidity, temperature extremes, precipitation)
- Be designed to minimize price of system, consumables, and maintenance

CAPABILITY
Responders need the capability to continuously detect, characterize, monitor and analyze threats and hazards. On-scene, rapid detection and timely alert of changes to the threat environment is critical for responders to take timely protective actions. Awareness and understanding of threats and hazards, and real-time changes to them, would inform response operation decisions.